Rov qab osmosis (RO) yog cov txheej txheem sib cais membrane uas siv qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv los tsav cov kev daws teeb meem los ntawm polymer semi-permeable membrane kom ua tiav cov txheej txheem kev sib cais. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv seawater desalination, wastewater reuse, kho mob dialysis, khoom noj khoom haus, thiab industrial cov dej ntshiab. Cov thev naus laus zis tau tsim los ntawm kev tshawb fawb biomimetic ntawm lub caj pas mucosa ntawm American seagulls hauv xyoo 1950, tom qab ntawd tau lees paub los ntawm Apollo qhov kev pab cuam cov dej ntws, thiab tau maj mam nthuav mus rau cov nkoj tub rog thiab cov khoom siv dej huv hauv pej xeem.
Lub kaw lus muaj ib chav pretreatment, siab - lub twj tso kua mis siab, membrane modules, thiab tu modules. Cov tub ntxhais rov qab osmosis membrane muaj qhov pore loj ntawm 0.0001 micrometers thiab desalination tus nqi txog li 99.5%. Kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tswj cov pH muaj zog rau 3-10, cov tshuaj chlorine residual<0.1 mg/L, and water temperature <45℃, and using multi-stage filtration to reduce impurity load. A spiral wound composite membrane module achieves 70% water utilization, operates at a pressure of 6-20 kg, and is equipped with an automatic regulating valve to control the recovery rate. Membrane fouling manifests as a decrease in permeate flow or a reduction in desalination rate, requiring chemical cleaning and pretreatment optimization maintenance. The separation mechanism includes dissolution-diffusion, capillary flow, and hydrogen bonding theories, which explain the adsorption and migration of water molecules within the membrane.